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BCIA Continuing Education Posts
The BioSource Faculty Explain Peer-Reviewed Science


Increase Your Clients' HRV Measurement Accuracy
HRV is exquisitely sensitive to how, when, and under what conditions you measure it. Get the protocol wrong, and you will be chasing noise rather than signal.
Fred Shaffer
Mar 511 min read


Enhancing Inhibitory Control in Older Adults: A Biofeedback Study
Training individuals to self-regulate both autonomic activity and prefrontal blood oxygenation may enhance specific components of inhibitory control that rely on prefrontal circuitry.

John Davis
Dec 17, 20258 min read


Steven Porges' HRV Journey
Heart rate variability is not a mistake in the system. It is a living signature of how the nervous system is regulating the heart in real-time.
Fred Shaffer
Dec 6, 202510 min read


Slow-Paced Contraction Training Using a Multichannel Biofeedback System
Slow-paced contraction (SPC) training to increase HRV can also benefit from multichannel systems.
Fred Shaffer
Dec 3, 202518 min read


Neurophysiological Assessment in Clinical Practice
Neurophysiological assessment serves not as an independent diagnostic tool but as a physiologically grounded framework for understanding how clients process information, regulate emotions, respond to stressors, and organize their behavior.

John S. Anderson
Nov 21, 202516 min read


Honoring an HRV Pioneer: Dr. Paul Lehrer's Journey Through the Heart of Biofeedback
Dr. Paul Lehrer offered a masterclass in humility, collaboration, and the relentless pursuit of understanding how the body heals itself.
Fred Shaffer
Nov 15, 202512 min read


Slow-Paced Contraction Training with the Optimal HRV Application
Clients can perform SPC correctly with minimal instruction.
Fred Shaffer
Nov 8, 202510 min read


Best Practice: Handling Null Results
A null result does not always mean that the independent variable (the factor manipulated by the researcher) does not affect on the dependent variable (the outcome being measured).
BioSource Faculty
Nov 3, 202513 min read


Add Slow-Paced Contraction to Your Practice
Slow-paced contraction (SPC) is an indispensable HRV training exercise because it provides a direct, rhythmic means of engaging the autonomic nervous system through gentle, coordinated muscle activity.
Fred Shaffer
Nov 2, 20259 min read


5-Second Science: Revisiting The Facial Feedback Hypothesis
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 138 studies found that facial feedback does have a statistically significant effect on emotional experience, but the effect is small and highly variable.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 26, 20257 min read


Dr. Richard Gevirtz's Journey from GSR to Heart Rate Variability
Dr. Gevirtz's journey began in 1964 as an undergraduate psychology major at the University of Wisconsin.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 2, 20259 min read


Lynda Thompson on Neurofeedback and Biofeedback Synergy
A growing body of research and clinical innovation has underscored the need to integrate multiple therapeutic modalities like neurofeedback and biofeedback when working with clients who present with complex psychological and physiological concerns.
Fred Shaffer
Sep 14, 20253 min read


Mentor Journal - Week 3
Mentor is the most widely used GPT for biofeedback, HRV biofeedback, and neurofeedback didactic learning.
Fred Shaffer
Aug 30, 20251 min read


5-Second Science: The Link Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychosis
Using a large nationally representative dataset, the researchers found that people hospitalized for TBI were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia or other psychotic conditions than similar individuals without TBI.

Zachary Meehan
Jul 30, 20254 min read


The Clinician Detective: Investigation Begins with Careful Observation
Before a diagnosis of a mental disorder can be made, the clinician must rule out that the symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 16, 202514 min read


5-Min Science: HRV Biofeedback Can Reduce Anger in Teenagers with ASD
Dr. Heidi Hillman’s (2025) study explored the application of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback to reduce anger in autistic adolescents.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 10, 20254 min read


Best Practice: Small-N Research
Small-N designs are particularly powerful when the treatment effect is large and immediate, allowing researchers to infer causality with confidence.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 5, 202524 min read


Best Practice: Why Research Is Critical
The goal of this post is to help you think like a scientist when it comes to evaluating questionable claims.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 4, 202524 min read


Best Practice: Interrogating Causal Claims
To support a causal claim, a study must meet three essential criteria: covariance, temporal precedence, and internal validity.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 4, 202527 min read


Best Practice: Interrogating Association Claims
Interrogating association claims means asking three core questions: Were the variables measured well (construct validity)? Can the results be generalized to other populations (external validity)? And is the association statistically strong, significant, and precise (statistical validity)?
BioSource Faculty
Jun 4, 202513 min read
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