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BCIA Continuing Education Posts
The BioSource Faculty Explain Peer-Reviewed Science


Neurofeedback May Protect Older Adults' Cognitive Abilities
Efforts to bolster cognitive abilities during normal ageing may be protective against neurocognitive disorders in older adults.

John Davis
6 days ago9 min read


The Brain's Hidden Rhythm: How Neural Networks Cycle Through States in Under a Second
The brain wasn't just switching between networks. It was circulating through them in a consistent order.
Fred Shaffer
Dec 49 min read


Five Phases of Brain Wiring: How Your Neural Networks Change From Birth to Old Age
The brain's wiring passes through a series of turning points that divide the lifespan into five distinct phases.
Fred Shaffer
Nov 279 min read


Neurophysiological Assessment in Clinical Practice
Neurophysiological assessment serves not as an independent diagnostic tool but as a physiologically grounded framework for understanding how clients process information, regulate emotions, respond to stressors, and organize their behavior.

John S. Anderson
Nov 2116 min read


Precision Psychopharmacology: Irritability and Rage
This case involves a 28-year-old male who presented with progressive irritability and explosive anger episodes that emerged following sequential trials of two antidepressants and subsequently a psychostimulant.
Fred Shaffer
Nov 1918 min read


5-Min Science: The Role of Pacemaker Neurons in Networks Trained by Neurofeedback
Pacemaker neurons cycle between quiet and active phases on their own, creating brief bursts of action potentials that can set the tempo for larger populations.
Fred Shaffer
Nov 1711 min read


John Anderson and John Davis Answer Your Questions About Learning Processes and Mindfulness in Neurofeedback
John Anderson and John Davis discuss learning processes and mindfulness in neurofeedback.

John Anderson and John Davis
Nov 919 min read


John Anderson and John Davis Answer Your Neurofeedback Questions
Neurofeedback combines precise signal measurement with human learning.

John Anderson and John Davis
Nov 417 min read


Best Practice: Handling Null Results
A null result does not always mean that the independent variable (the factor manipulated by the researcher) does not affect on the dependent variable (the outcome being measured).
BioSource Faculty
Nov 313 min read


How Benzodiazepines Affect the EEG
If you record enough EEGs, you eventually meet the benzodiazepine (BZD) signature. The patient looks calm, the tracing looks faster than usual, and the familiar posterior alpha rhythm feels washed out. That impression is not a mirage.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 2920 min read


5-Second Science: Revisiting The Facial Feedback Hypothesis
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 138 studies found that facial feedback does have a statistically significant effect on emotional experience, but the effect is small and highly variable.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 267 min read


The Clinician Detective: ASD or Brain Dysregulation Due to Dysbiosis and Mold?
A global drop in amplitude suggests either a disruption in metabolic support—such as mitochondrial failure—or widespread cortical inhibition.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 1618 min read


The Clinician Detective: How Did A FOXP4 Variant and A Sellar Cyst Complicate ASD?
The identification of the FOXP4 variant marked a turning point in the case formulation, shifting the clinical emphasis toward genomics, mitochondrial assessment, and integrative medicine.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 1323 min read


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Alpha Squeaks
We wish clinicians—particularly those interpreting pediatric EEGs—understood that alpha squeaks are normal, age-appropriate findings that reflect an active but immature visual-cortical network.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 1211 min read


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Triphasic Waves
Triphasic waves are among the most recognizable and clinically meaningful non-epileptiform EEG patterns encountered in patients with altered mental status.
Fred Shaffer
Oct 714 min read


Spindling Excessive Beta Can Signal Neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammation is an immune process centered in the brain and spinal cord, orchestrated primarily by microglia.
Fred Shaffer
Sep 288 min read


Neurofeedback for Dyslexia Combined with Evidence-Based Reading Interventions is Efficacious
Neurofeedback combined with reading interventions likely merits a rating of efficacious.

John Davis
Sep 2720 min read


5-Min Science: Theta/Beta Ratio Neurofeedback
This study makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the effects of neurofeedback on ADHD-related brain activity.
Fred Shaffer
Sep 253 min read


Mentor Journal - Week 3
Mentor is the most widely used GPT for biofeedback, HRV biofeedback, and neurofeedback didactic learning.
Fred Shaffer
Aug 301 min read


5-Second Science: The Link Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychosis
Using a large nationally representative dataset, the researchers found that people hospitalized for TBI were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia or other psychotic conditions than similar individuals without TBI.

Zachary Meehan
Jul 304 min read
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