top of page
BCIA Continuing Education Posts
The BioSource Faculty Explain Peer-Reviewed Science


5-Second Science: The Link Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychosis
Using a large nationally representative dataset, the researchers found that people hospitalized for TBI were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia or other psychotic conditions than similar individuals without TBI.

Zachary Meehan
Jul 304 min read
Â
Â
Â


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (FIRDA)
Frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA) is not a diagnosis—it’s a clue.
Fred Shaffer
Jul 1012 min read
Â
Â
Â


5-Minute Science: Are We Missing Autistic Girls?
Although ASD is historically considered more prevalent in males, this assumption may reflect diagnostic bias rather than biological reality.

Zachary Meehan
Jul 76 min read
Â
Â
Â


How Antipsychotics Affect the EEG
Ben's case exemplifies the core insight of Dr. Swatzyna’s clinician detective model: that not all psychiatric symptoms are psychiatric in origin, and that functional abnormalities in brain activity—detectable on EEG—can signal the presence of invisible, systemic pathology.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 2020 min read
Â
Â
Â


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Four Montages
All montages compare EEG activity between one or more pairs of electrode sites.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 2016 min read
Â
Â
Â


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Fast Alpha
The most pressing clinical issue surrounding fast alpha is its frequent misclassification, particularly when spectral peaks in the 18–19 Hz range are erroneously interpreted as beta spindling, pathological fast activity, or early signs of drug effects.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 1812 min read
Â
Â
Â


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Alpha Squeaks
We wish clinicians—particularly those interpreting pediatric EEGs—understood that alpha squeaks are normal, age-appropriate findings that reflect an active but immature visual-cortical network.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 1810 min read
Â
Â
Â


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Occipital Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (OIRDA)
We wish clinicians knew that OIRDA is not an epileptiform discharge. It does not reflect hyperexcitability or paroxysmal depolarization, and in isolation, it is not a seizure pattern.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 1716 min read
Â
Â
Â


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Triphasic Waves
Triphasic waves are among the most recognizable and clinically meaningful non-epileptiform EEG patterns encountered in patients with altered mental status.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 1714 min read
Â
Â
Â


The Clinician Detective: Investigation Begins with Careful Observation
Before a diagnosis of a mental disorder can be made, the clinician must rule out that the symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 1614 min read
Â
Â
Â


How Benzodiazepines Affect the EEG
Benzodiazepines vary widely in EEG and clinical effects—Subtypes differ by half-life and receptor affinity, influencing sedation, rebound symptoms, and cortical modulation.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 1614 min read
Â
Â
Â


How Antidepressants Affect the EEG
Antidepressants, particularly those that are highly activating or serotonergically potent, may be the worst choice in patients with SEB, IEDs, or focal abnormalities.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 1532 min read
Â
Â
Â


Dr. John Davis on the Alpha Rebound Protocol for PTSD
Reduced alpha rhythms in PTSD are thought to be involved in poor excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain.

John Davis
Jun 1314 min read
Â
Â
Â


BCIA's New Performance Certification Designation
The Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA) is introducing a new performance-focused certification designation.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 113 min read
Â
Â
Â


Patrick Steffen and Travis Anderson Revise The Transactional Model
Steffen and Anderson’s synthesis of recent neuroscience advances proposes a fundamental shift in how we understand stress and coping.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 103 min read
Â
Â
Â


5-Min Science: Theta/Beta Ratio Neurofeedback
This study makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the effects of neurofeedback on ADHD-related brain activity.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 103 min read
Â
Â
Â


The Clinician Detective: How Did A FOXP4 Variant and A Sellar Cyst Complicate ASD?
The identification of the FOXP4 variant marked a turning point in the case formulation, shifting the clinical emphasis toward genomics, mitochondrial assessment, and integrative medicine.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 823 min read
Â
Â
Â


The Clinician Detective: ASD or Brain Dysregulation Due to Dysbiosis and Mold?
A global drop in amplitude suggests either a disruption in metabolic support—such as mitochondrial failure—or widespread cortical inhibition.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 717 min read
Â
Â
Â


The Clinician Detective: First Inspect the Raw EEG
Used responsibly, the qEEG enhances interpretation; used in isolation, it risks misrepresentation.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 623 min read
Â
Â
Â


Best Practice: Small-N Research
Small-N designs are particularly powerful when the treatment effect is large and immediate, allowing researchers to infer causality with confidence.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 524 min read
Â
Â
Â
bottom of page