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BCIA Continuing Education Posts
The BioSource Faculty Explain Peer-Reviewed Science


Interpreting the Raw EEG: Occipital Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (OIRDA)
We wish clinicians knew that OIRDA is not an epileptiform discharge. It does not reflect hyperexcitability or paroxysmal depolarization, and in isolation, it is not a seizure pattern.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 17, 202516 min read


The Clinician Detective: Investigation Begins with Careful Observation
Before a diagnosis of a mental disorder can be made, the clinician must rule out that the symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 16, 202514 min read


The Clinician Detective: First Inspect the Raw EEG
Used responsibly, the qEEG enhances interpretation; used in isolation, it risks misrepresentation.
Fred Shaffer
Jun 6, 202523 min read


Best Practice: Small-N Research
Small-N designs are particularly powerful when the treatment effect is large and immediate, allowing researchers to infer causality with confidence.
BioSource Faculty
Jun 5, 202524 min read


5-Min Science: Are Mitochondria the Cell's Motherboard?
Mitochondria are not merely energy producers but orchestrate complex cellular processes, including gene expression, apoptosis, calcium regulation, communication, and synaptic function, especially in neurons.
Fred Shaffer
May 23, 202517 min read


The Clinician Detective: Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy presents with polymorphic delta activity—delta waves that vary in shape and amplitude—over cortical areas.
BioSource Faculty
May 20, 202511 min read


A Review of the Networks Trained by Neurofeedback
Quantitative EEG (qEEG) normative databases can reveal the key parts of a network that need training and the required direction.
BioSource Faculty
Apr 29, 202529 min read


Frequently Asked Neurofeedback Questions for Beginners and Clients
Dr. Davis wrote this frequently asked neurofeedback questions post as a resource for staff training and your clinic website.

John Davis
Apr 27, 202515 min read


A Comprehensive Breathing Myths Guide
Breathing ensures healthy CO2 levels. The main functions of breathing are gas exchange and acid-base (pH) regulation.
BioSource Faculty
Apr 24, 202527 min read


5-Min Science: The SCAN Links Thoughts and Actions
The SCAN integrates cognition and movement.
BioSource Faculty
Apr 13, 20259 min read


John S. Anderson on Frequency vs. Amplitude
I wrote this post to clear up confusion about frequency and amplitude, and give you a basic format for thinking about the EEG signal.

John S. Anderson
Apr 10, 202514 min read


5-Min Science: Integrating Biofeedback and Neurofeedback
Integrating biofeedback and neurofeedback represents a promising frontier in physiological self-regulation approaches.

John Davis
Feb 27, 20256 min read


5-Min Science: Demystifying the Insular Cortex
The insular cortex is your brain's integration hub for bodily sensations, emotions, and thoughts.
BioSource Faculty
Feb 8, 202517 min read


5-Min Science: Self-Control is a Finite Resource
Studies by Pietrini and Blair show how the brain’s finite resources shape our decisions, behaviors, and social interactions.
BioSource Faculty
Jan 19, 20256 min read


5-Min Science: EEG Biomarkers for Refractory Cases
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) provide a promising avenue for precision psychiatry by identifying objective biomarkers.
BioSource Faculty
Jan 17, 20255 min read


5-Min Science: The Tragic History of Human Brainwaves
The true history of the discovery of human brainwaves is far more complex and darker than most people realize.
BioSource Faculty
Jan 2, 20254 min read


5-Min Science: Neurofeedback for Alcohol Use Disorder
The emphasis on craving reduction and detailed documentation of individual responses provide a valuable model for future research.
BioSource Faculty
Jan 2, 20255 min read


Prescription Drugs Can Cause Depression
Older patients are particularly vulnerable to drug-induced depression because of age-related physiological changes and polypharmacy.
BioSource Faculty
Dec 11, 20247 min read


Neuroscience Breakthroughs Since Graduate School - Part 3: Consciousness
An updated exploration of the neuroscience of consciousness.
BioSource Faculty
Nov 27, 202418 min read


Comprehensive Brodmann Area Guide
Most cortical functions involve the networked activity of multiple Brodmann areas.
BioSource Faculty
Nov 18, 202456 min read
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